Models are simplified representations of experience.

A model works by taking inputs, applying some operation to them, and calculating an output.

2+ 2 = 4 is a simple model.

  • The inputs are “2” & “2”

  • The operation is “+”

  • The output is “4”

We can restate this equation as: adding 2 and 2 causes 4.

This model allows us to predict the future. If we have 2 apples, and we want 4 apples, we can safely predict that if we find 2 more apples, we will have what we want.

Our brains are building models of the world all the time, but unlike in math class, the inputs, operations and outputs are much less obvious.

We have to use sensory evidence to make our best guess to fill in the blanks for each part of the equation.

If the output I need is water, my models might look something like this:

  • kitchen tap (fill) glass equals water

  • desert (opening) cactus equals water

  • stone (fill) glass does not equal water

  • desert (see) oasis might equal water?

What if the output I want is love? Anyone got an equation for that?

  • Me (snuggling) Dog = Love

  • Me (sharing worries) Friend = Love?

  • Me (texting for the 3rd time) Guy from Last Friday Night = Love?

  • Me (letting fail) child = Love?

Our brains are constantly working to model the underlying causal structures of our experiences. When we feel like we’ve met our needs, what were the inputs? What were the operations? This is critical to ensure that anytime we need water, love or anything else, we know how to get it. Getting these models right allows us to operate effectively in the world. Getting these models wrong can have dire consequences for our survival.